Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://gr.elmerpub.com

Review

Volume 000, Number 000, March 2025, pages 000-000

Large Language Models in Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery: A New Frontier in Patient Communication and Education

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. A deep learning neural network structure used in large language models (LLMs), including input, hidden, and output layers.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The process of text generation in large language models (LLMs). User input is tokenized, processed through transformer layers, and refined into a probabilistic text output.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. AI-assisted endoscopy compared to traditional endoscopy. AI: artificial intelligence.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. AI’s role in automating medical documentation. AI listens to physician-patient interactions, transcribes key details, structures note in EHRs, and assists in clinical decision-making. AI: artificial intelligence; EHRs: electronic health records.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. The “black box dilemma” in AI models. While LLMs generate responses based on learned patterns, their decision-making pathways remain opaque, making interpretability a challenge in clinical applications. AI: artificial intelligence; LLMs: large language models.