Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://gr.elmerpub.com

Review

Volume 18, Number 2, April 2025, pages 39-48

Large Language Models in Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery: A New Frontier in Patient Communication and Education

Figures

↓  Figure 1. A deep learning neural network structure used in large language models (LLMs), including input, hidden, and output layers.
Figure 1.
↓  Figure 2. The process of text generation in large language models (LLMs). User input is tokenized, processed through transformer layers, and refined into a probabilistic text output.
Figure 2.
↓  Figure 3. AI-assisted endoscopy compared to traditional endoscopy. AI: artificial intelligence.
Figure 3.
↓  Figure 4. AI’s role in automating medical documentation. AI listens to physician-patient interactions, transcribes key details, structures note in EHRs, and assists in clinical decision-making. AI: artificial intelligence; EHRs: electronic health records.
Figure 4.
↓  Figure 5. The “black box dilemma” in AI models. While LLMs generate responses based on learned patterns, their decision-making pathways remain opaque, making interpretability a challenge in clinical applications. AI: artificial intelligence; LLMs: large language models.
Figure 5.