Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://gr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 18, Number 6, December 2025, pages 269-275

The Impact of Chronic Pancreatitis Etiology on Clinical Outcomes: A Population-Based Propensity-Matched Analysis

**Table 1.** Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Variable	Before PSM	After PSM
ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; BMI: body mass index; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; PSM: propensity score matching; SD: standard deviation.
Age, mean ± SD	49.9 ± 13.6	58 ± 18	49.9 ± 13.6	49.9 ± 14.2
Sex
Male	7,846 (67.1%)	84,088 (43.9%)	7,834 (67.1%)	7,889 (67.6%)
Female	3,687 (31.5%)	99,241 (51.8%)	3,687 (31.6%)	3,632 (31.1%)
Race
White	7,069 (60.5%)	131,285 (68.5%)	7,066 (60.5%)	6,961 (59.6%)
Black or African American	2,968 (25.4%)	24,622 (12.8%)	2,959 (25.3%)	3,126 (26.8%)
Ethnicity
Not Hispanic or Latino	8,386 (71.7%)	128,329 (66.9%)	8,376 (71.7%)	8,425 (72.1%)
Hispanic or Latino	925 (7.9%)	13,450 (7.0%)	925 (7.9%)	883 (7.6%)
Diagnoses
Hypertension (I10)	4,808 (41.1%)	75,287 (39.3%)	4,797 (41.1%)	4,787 (41.0%)
Nicotine dependence (F17)	4,190 (35.8%)	23,013 (12.0%)	4,178 (35.8%)	4,092 (35.0%)
Dyslipidemia (E78)	2,752 (23.5%)	62,763 (32.7%)	2,752 (23.6%)	2,705 (23.2%)
Ischemic heart disease (I25)	994 (8.5%)	26,584 (13.9%)	994 (8.5%)	982 (8.4%)
Cirrhosis (K74.6)	785 (6.7%)	4,747 (2.5%)	777 (6.7%)	681 (5.8%)
BMI 30 - 39 (Z68.3)	620 (5.3%)	12,535 (6.5%)	620 (5.3%)	523 (4.5%)
BMI ≥ 40 (Z68.4)	211 (1.8%)	5,236 (2.7%)	211 (1.8%)	166 (1.4%)
Congenital pancreatic malformation (Q45.3)	54 (0.46%)	2,131 (1.11%)	54 (0.46%)	37 (0.32%)
Cystic fibrosis (E84)	10 (0.09%)	4,332 (2.26%)	10 (0.09%)	10 (0.09%)

Table 1. Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis

Variable

Before PSM

After PSM

ARCP, n = 11,696

NARCP, n = 200,560

ARCP, n = 11,678

NARCP, n = 11,678

ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; BMI: body mass index; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; PSM: propensity score matching; SD: standard deviation.

Age, mean ± SD

49.9 ± 13.6

58 ± 18

49.9 ± 13.6

49.9 ± 14.2

Sex

Male

7,846 (67.1%)

84,088 (43.9%)

7,834 (67.1%)

7,889 (67.6%)

Female

3,687 (31.5%)

99,241 (51.8%)

3,687 (31.6%)

3,632 (31.1%)

Race

White

7,069 (60.5%)

131,285 (68.5%)

7,066 (60.5%)

6,961 (59.6%)

Black or African American

2,968 (25.4%)

24,622 (12.8%)

2,959 (25.3%)

3,126 (26.8%)

Ethnicity

Not Hispanic or Latino

8,386 (71.7%)

128,329 (66.9%)

8,376 (71.7%)

8,425 (72.1%)

Hispanic or Latino

925 (7.9%)

13,450 (7.0%)

925 (7.9%)

883 (7.6%)

Diagnoses

Hypertension (I10)

4,808 (41.1%)

75,287 (39.3%)

4,797 (41.1%)

4,787 (41.0%)

Nicotine dependence (F17)

4,190 (35.8%)

23,013 (12.0%)

4,178 (35.8%)

4,092 (35.0%)

Dyslipidemia (E78)

2,752 (23.5%)

62,763 (32.7%)

2,752 (23.6%)

2,705 (23.2%)

Ischemic heart disease (I25)

994 (8.5%)

26,584 (13.9%)

994 (8.5%)

982 (8.4%)

Cirrhosis (K74.6)

785 (6.7%)

4,747 (2.5%)

777 (6.7%)

681 (5.8%)

BMI 30 - 39 (Z68.3)

620 (5.3%)

12,535 (6.5%)

620 (5.3%)

523 (4.5%)

BMI ≥ 40 (Z68.4)

211 (1.8%)

5,236 (2.7%)

211 (1.8%)

166 (1.4%)

Congenital pancreatic malformation (Q45.3)

54 (0.46%)

2,131 (1.11%)

54 (0.46%)

37 (0.32%)

Cystic fibrosis (E84)

10 (0.09%)

4,332 (2.26%)

10 (0.09%)

**Table 2.** Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With Alcohol-Related Versus Non-Alcohol-Related Chronic Pancreatitis Before Propensity Score Matching
Outcomes	ARCP (N = 11,696)	NARCP (N = 200,560)	P value	RR (95% CI)
ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; CI: confidence interval; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; RR: risk ratio.
Mortality	1,516 (13.0)	35,654 (18.6)	< 0.001	0.70 (0.665 - 0.732)
Diabetes	2,678 (22.9)	68,910 (35.9)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.616 - 0.659)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency	231 (2.0)	13,891 (7.2)	< 0.001	0.27 (0.240 - 0.310)
Pancreatic cancer	134 (1.1)	21,555 (11.2)	< 0.001	0.10 (0.086 - 0.121)
Pseudocyst	829 (7.1)	18,796 (9.8)	< 0.001	0.72 (0.677 - 0.774)
Celiac plexus injection	11 (0.1)	1,414 (0.7)	< 0.001	0.13 (0.071 - 0.231)
ERCP	269 (2.3)	20,393 (10.6)	< 0.001	0.22 (0.192 - 0.244)

Table 2. Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With Alcohol-Related Versus Non-Alcohol-Related Chronic Pancreatitis Before Propensity Score Matching

Outcomes

ARCP (N = 11,696)

NARCP (N = 200,560)

P value

RR (95% CI)

ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; CI: confidence interval; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; RR: risk ratio.

Mortality

1,516 (13.0)

35,654 (18.6)

< 0.001

0.70 (0.665 - 0.732)

Diabetes

2,678 (22.9)

68,910 (35.9)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.616 - 0.659)

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

231 (2.0)

13,891 (7.2)

< 0.001

0.27 (0.240 - 0.310)

Pancreatic cancer

134 (1.1)

21,555 (11.2)

< 0.001

0.10 (0.086 - 0.121)

Pseudocyst

829 (7.1)

18,796 (9.8)

< 0.001

0.72 (0.677 - 0.774)

Celiac plexus injection

11 (0.1)

1,414 (0.7)

< 0.001

0.13 (0.071 - 0.231)

ERCP

269 (2.3)

20,393 (10.6)

< 0.001

0.22 (0.192 - 0.244)

**Table 3.** Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With ARCP Versus NARCP After Propensity Score Matching
Outcomes	Propensity-matched patients, n (%)	P value	RR (95% CI)
ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; CI: confidence interval; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; RR: risk ratio.
Mortality	1,515 (13.0)	1,892 (16.2)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.752 - 0.852)
Diabetes	2,676 (22.9)	4,186 (35.8)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.613 - 0.666)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency	231 (2.0)	712 (6.1)	< 0.001	0.32 (0.280 - 0.376)
Pancreatic cancer	11 (0.1)	96 (0.8)	< 0.001	0.12 (0.061 - 0.214)
Pseudocyst	133 (1.1)	986 (8.4)	< 0.001	0.14 (0.113 - 0.161)
Celiac plexus injection	268 (2.3)	1,193 (10.2)	< 0.001	0.23 (0.197 - 0.256)
ERCP	828 (7.1)	1,131 (9.7)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.672 - 0.798)

Table 3. Comparison of Outcomes in Patients With ARCP Versus NARCP After Propensity Score Matching

Outcomes

Propensity-matched patients, n (%)

P value

RR (95% CI)

ARCP (N = 11,678)

NARCP (N = 11,678)

ARCP: alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; CI: confidence interval; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NARCP: non-alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; RR: risk ratio.

Mortality

1,515 (13.0)

1,892 (16.2)

< 0.001

0.80 (0.752 - 0.852)

Diabetes

2,676 (22.9)

4,186 (35.8)

< 0.001

0.64 (0.613 - 0.666)

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

231 (2.0)

712 (6.1)

< 0.001

0.32 (0.280 - 0.376)

Pancreatic cancer

11 (0.1)

96 (0.8)

< 0.001

0.12 (0.061 - 0.214)

Pseudocyst

133 (1.1)

986 (8.4)

< 0.001

0.14 (0.113 - 0.161)

Celiac plexus injection

268 (2.3)

1,193 (10.2)

< 0.001

0.23 (0.197 - 0.256)

ERCP

828 (7.1)

1,131 (9.7)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.672 - 0.798)