Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

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Original Article

Volume 18, Number 5, October 2025, pages 232-238

Efficacy of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figures

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram outlining the study selection process.

Figure 2. Forest plot of standardized mean differences in symptom scores following 4-week PCAB therapy across included studies. PCAB: potassium-competitive acid blocker.

Figure 3. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis of pooled standardized mean difference in symptom improvement.

Figure 4. Baujat plot showing each study’s contribution to heterogeneity and influence on the pooled effect estimate.

Table

**Table 1.** Characteristics of Included Studies Evaluating Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers in Functional Dyspepsia
Study	Sample size	Drug (dose)	Scale used	Timepoint (weeks)	Pre-Tx, mean ± SD	Post-Tx, mean ± SD	Standardized mean change (95% CI)
CI: confidence interval; GOSS: Global Overall Symptom Scale; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; IQR: interquartile range; NC: not calculated; NDI: Nepean Dyspepsia Index; NDI-K: Nepean Dyspepsia Index (Korean); NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation.
Asaoka, 2017 [6]	43	Vonoprazan (20 mg)	Modified GOSS	4	7.2 ± 1.6	4.3 ± 1.8	1.7 (1.28 - 2.13)
Bunchorntavakul, 2024 [7]	30	Vonoprazan (10 mg)	NDI	4	15.47 ± 6.17	11.33 ± 3.25	0.84 (0.33 - 1.35)
Bunchorntavakul, 2024 [7]	30	Vonoprazan (20 mg)	NDI	4	17.68 ± 8.02	13.43 ± 8.01	0.53 (0.02 - 1.04)
Huh, 2024 [8]	173	Tegoprazan (50 mg)	NDI-K	4	58 ± 32	26 ± 20	1.2 (0.99 - 1.41)
Huh, 2024 [8]	173	Tegoprazan (50 mg)	NDI-K	8	58 ± 32	16 ± 17	NC
Shinozaki, 2023 [10]	48	Vonoprazan (10 mg)	Modified Izumo	4	NR, median = 9, IQR 7 - 12.5	NR	NC
Nakamura, 2024 [9]	42	Vonoprazan (20 mg)	Modified GSRS	24	1) Epigastric pain: 2.85 ± 0.21; 2) Epigastric burning: 1.95 ± 0.23; 3) Postprandial fullness: 2.34 ± 0.21	1) 1.46 ± 0.21; 2) 0.98 ± 0.19; 3) 1.44 ± 0.18	NC