Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://gr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 18, Number 6, December 2025, pages 276-285

HFE-C282Y/C282Y Hemochromatosis Patients Have Lower Serum Transferrin and Strong Negative Correlations Between Iron, Ferritin, and Transferrin Saturation Versus Transferrin Compared With HFE-wt/wt Wild-Type Subjects

Figure 1. The inverse correlation between serum iron and serum transferrin levels in patient M10. Correlation coefficient r_s = -0.68, P = 0.0001.

Figure 2. The inverse correlation between log₁₀ serum ferritin and transferrin levels in patient F5. Correlation coefficient r_s = -0.75, P < 0.0001.

Figure 3. The inverse correlation between serum transferrin and transferrin saturation levels in patient M1. Correlation coefficient r_s = -0.69, P < 0.0001.

**Table 1.** Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Apparently Healthy Adults With *HFE*-wt/wt Genotype
	Iron vs. ferritin	Iron vs. transferrin	Ferritin vs. transferrin	Iron vs. TSAT	Ferritin vs. TSAT	Transferrin vs. TSAT	Transferrin, µmol/L
Participants were 45 - 75-year-old men and women, non-blood donors, enrolled in the MONICA study. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison of correlations: P = 0.1; Student’s t-test unpaired values, two-tailed: ^bP = 0.0004; ^cP = 0.03; ^dP < 0.0001. TSAT: transferrin saturation.
All men (n = 441)	r_s = 0.21, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.07, P = 0.8	r_s = -0.08, P = 0.9	r_s = 0.89, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.23, P < 0.0001	r_s = -0.35, P < 0.0001	32.0 ± 4.8
Ferritin 30 - 300 µg/L (n = 405)	r_s = 0.15, P = 0.004	r_s = 0.07, P = 0.8	r_s = -0.09, P = 0.9	r_s = 0.90, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.23, P < 0.0001	r_s = -0.37, P < 0.0001	31.8 ± 4.7^{b, c}
Ferritin > 300 µg/L (n = 32)	r_s = 0.18, P = 0.7	r_s = 0.12, P = 0.8	r_s = 0.07, P = 0.9	r_s = 0.80, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.15, P = 0.8	r_s = -0.08, P = 0.7	29.9 ± 5.2^c
All women (n = 517)	r_s = 0.07, P = 0.9	r_s = -0.05, P = 0.8	r_s = -0.17^a, P = 0.0001	r_s = 0.91, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.14, P = 0.002	r_s = -0.43, P < 0.0001	31.3 ± 5.0
Ferritin 30 - 300 µg/L (n = 377)	r_s = 0.05, P = 0.9	r_s = 0.02, P = 0.8	r_s = -0.05, P = 0.9	r_s = 0.90, P < 0.0001	r_s = -0.01, P = 0.9	r_s = -0.39, P < 0.0001	30.7 ± 4.6^{b, d}
Ferritin < 30 µg/L (n = 134)	r_s = 0.21, P = 0.07	r_s = -0.23, P = 0.047	r_s = -0.32^a, P = 0.005	r_s = 0.95, P < 0.0001	r_s = 0.26, P = 0.02	r_s = -0.49, P < 0.0001	33.0 ± 5.4^d

Table 1. Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Apparently Healthy Adults With HFE-wt/wt Genotype

Iron vs. ferritin

Iron vs. transferrin

Ferritin vs. transferrin

Iron vs. TSAT

Ferritin vs. TSAT

Transferrin vs. TSAT

Transferrin, µmol/L

Participants were 45 - 75-year-old men and women, non-blood donors, enrolled in the MONICA study. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison of correlations: P = 0.1; Student’s t-test unpaired values, two-tailed: ^bP = 0.0004; ^cP = 0.03; ^dP < 0.0001. TSAT: transferrin saturation.

All men (n = 441)

r_s = 0.21, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.07, P = 0.8

r_s = -0.08, P = 0.9

r_s = 0.89, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.23, P < 0.0001

r_s = -0.35, P < 0.0001

32.0 ± 4.8

Ferritin 30 - 300 µg/L (n = 405)

r_s = 0.15, P = 0.004

r_s = 0.07, P = 0.8

r_s = -0.09, P = 0.9

r_s = 0.90, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.23, P < 0.0001

r_s = -0.37, P < 0.0001

31.8 ± 4.7^{b, c}

Ferritin > 300 µg/L (n = 32)

r_s = 0.18, P = 0.7

r_s = 0.12, P = 0.8

r_s = 0.07, P = 0.9

r_s = 0.80, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.15, P = 0.8

r_s = -0.08, P = 0.7

29.9 ± 5.2^c

All women (n = 517)

r_s = 0.07, P = 0.9

r_s = -0.05, P = 0.8

r_s = -0.17^a, P = 0.0001

r_s = 0.91, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.14, P = 0.002

r_s = -0.43, P < 0.0001

31.3 ± 5.0

Ferritin 30 - 300 µg/L (n = 377)

r_s = 0.05, P = 0.9

r_s = 0.02, P = 0.8

r_s = -0.05, P = 0.9

r_s = 0.90, P < 0.0001

r_s = -0.01, P = 0.9

r_s = -0.39, P < 0.0001

30.7 ± 4.6^{b, d}

Ferritin < 30 µg/L (n = 134)

r_s = 0.21, P = 0.07

r_s = -0.23, P = 0.047

r_s = -0.32^a, P = 0.005

r_s = 0.95, P < 0.0001

r_s = 0.26, P = 0.02

r_s = -0.49, P < 0.0001

33.0 ± 5.4^d

**Table 2.** Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Men With *HFE*-C282Y/C282Y Hemochromatosis
Men C282Y/C282Y	Iron vs. ferritin	Iron vs. transferrin	Ferritin vs. transferrin	Iron vs. TSAT	Ferritin vs. TSAT	Transferrin vs. TSAT	Transferrin, µmol/L
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) between serum iron status markers was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison with corresponding r_s for the all-men control group (Table 1) (I = induction treatment; M = maintenance treatment; nr = not relevant). ^bComparison with corresponding transferrin values for the all-men control group (Table 1). ^cM8 differ by showing positive correlations between iron and ferritin vs. transferrin. TSAT: transferrin saturation; yrs: years; n: number of consecutive blood samples; I: induction treatment; M: maintenance treatment.
M1, 73 yrs, M (n = 39)	r_s = 0.54	r_s = -0.60	r_s = -0.47	r_s = 0.98	r_s = 0.51	r_s = -0.69	27.6 ± 1.8
	P = 0.0004	P = 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P = 0.001	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.01^a	P = 0.001^a	P = 0.003^a	P = 1.0^a	P = 0.03^a	P = 0.003^a
M2, 44 yrs, I (n = 26)	r_s = 0.03	r_s = -0.50	r_s = 0.01	r_s = 0.93	r_s = 0.02	r_s = -0.75	24.9 ± 2.9
	P = 0.9	P = 0.001	P = 0.6	P < 0.0001	P = 0.9	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001^b
	nr^a	P = 0.013^a	nr^a	P = 1.0^a	nr^a	P = 0.002^a
M3, 69 yrs, I (n = 14)	r_s = 0.92	r_s = -0.64	r_s = -0.71	r_s = 0.92	r_s = 0.91	r_s = -0.82	23.2 ± 1.9
	P < 0.0001	P = 0.02	P = 0.006	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P = 0.0006	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 1.0^a	P = 0.003^a	P < 0.004^a	P = 0.3^a	P = 1.0^a	P = 0.005^a
M4, 69 yrs, I (n = 15)	r_s = 0.47	r_s = -0.17	r_s = -0.63	r_s = 0.83	r_s = 0.21	r_s = -0.20	23.1 ± 1.9
	P = 0.08	P = 0.5	P = 0.01	P = 0.0001	P = 0.5	P = 0.5	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.2^a	nr^a	P = 0.01^a	P = 0.2^a	nr^a	nr^a
M5, 77 yrs, M (n = 26)	r_s = 0.28	r_s = -0.30	r_s = -0.59	r_s = 0.93	r_s = 0.46	r_s = -0.57	30.3 ± 2.7
	P = 0.2	P = 0.1	P = 0.002	P < 0.0001	P = 0.02	P = 0.003	P = 0.022^b
	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.03^a	P = 0.1^a	P = 0.1^a	P = 0.09^a
M6, 77 yrs, I (n = 30)	r_s = 0.78	r_s = -0.41	r_s = -0.61	r_s = 0.94	r_s = 0.84	r_s = -0.67	26.3 ± 2.0
	P < 0.0001	P = 0.02	P = 0.0004	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 1.0^a	P = 0.005^a	P < 0.001^a	P = 0.05^a	P = 0.2^a	P = 0.03^a
M7, 61 yrs, I (n = 11)	r_s = 0.77	r_s = -0.16	r_s = -0.58	r_s = 0.43	r_s = 0.82	r_s = -0.92	24.2 ± 3.0
	P = 0.04	P = 0.02	P = 0.2	P = 0.3	P = 0.02	P = 0.004	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.01^a	P = 0.3^a	P = 0.05^a	nr^a	P = 0.005^a	P = 0.001^a
M8^c, 73 yrs, M (n = 24)	r_s = 0.38	r_s = 0.28	r_s = 0.24	r_s = 0.90	r_s = 0.47	r_s = 0.04	24.5 ± 1.7
	P = 0.07	P = 0.2	P = 0.2	P = 0.005	P = 0.03	P = 0.8	P < 0.0001^b
	nr^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.4^a	P = 0.1^a	nr^a
M9, 63 yrs, I (n = 13)	r_s = 0.53	r_s = -0.36	r_s = -0.66	r_s = 0.68	r_s = 0.69	r_s = -0.62	21.6 ± 1.0
	P = 0.06	P = 0.2	P = 0.01	P < 0.0001	P = 0.009	P = 0.003	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.1^a	nr^a	P = 0.01^a	P = 0.03^a	P = 0.03^a	P = 0.1^a
M10, 63 yrs, M (n = 30)	r_s = 0.51	r_s = -0.68	r_s = -0.39	r_s = 0.93	r_s = 0.49	r_s = -0.79	27.4 ± 1.8
	P = 0.004	P = 0.0001	P = 0.03	P < 0.0001	P = 0.008	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.04^a	P = 0.02^a	P = 0.04^a	P = 0.1^a	P = 0.06^a	P = 0.001^a
M11, 63 yrs, I (n = 15)	r_s = 0.59	r_s = -0.38	r_s = -0.85	r_s = 0.68	r_s = 0.88	r_s = -0.83	31.2 ± 1.7
	P = 0.02	P = 0.2	P = 0.0001	P = 0.005	P < 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P = 0.3^b
	P = 0.06^a	P = 0.05^a	P = 0.01^a	P = 0.02^a	P = 0.03^a	P = 0.002^a

Table 2. Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Men With HFE-C282Y/C282Y Hemochromatosis

Men C282Y/C282Y

Iron vs. ferritin

Iron vs. transferrin

Ferritin vs. transferrin

Iron vs. TSAT

Ferritin vs. TSAT

Transferrin vs. TSAT

Transferrin, µmol/L

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) between serum iron status markers was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison with corresponding r_s for the all-men control group (Table 1) (I = induction treatment; M = maintenance treatment; nr = not relevant). ^bComparison with corresponding transferrin values for the all-men control group (Table 1). ^cM8 differ by showing positive correlations between iron and ferritin vs. transferrin. TSAT: transferrin saturation; yrs: years; n: number of consecutive blood samples; I: induction treatment; M: maintenance treatment.

M1, 73 yrs, M (n = 39)

r_s = 0.54

r_s = -0.60

r_s = -0.47

r_s = 0.98

r_s = 0.51

r_s = -0.69

27.6 ± 1.8

P = 0.0004

P = 0.0001

P < 0.0001

P = 0.001

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.01^a

P = 0.001^a

P = 0.003^a

P = 1.0^a

P = 0.03^a

P = 0.003^a

M2, 44 yrs, I (n = 26)

r_s = 0.03

r_s = -0.50

r_s = 0.01

r_s = 0.93

r_s = 0.02

r_s = -0.75

24.9 ± 2.9

P = 0.9

P = 0.001

P = 0.6

P < 0.0001

P = 0.9

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001^b

nr^a

P = 0.013^a

nr^a

P = 1.0^a

nr^a

P = 0.002^a

M3, 69 yrs, I (n = 14)

r_s = 0.92

r_s = -0.64

r_s = -0.71

r_s = 0.92

r_s = 0.91

r_s = -0.82

23.2 ± 1.9

P < 0.0001

P = 0.02

P = 0.006

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0006

P < 0.0001^b

P = 1.0^a

P = 0.003^a

P < 0.004^a

P = 0.3^a

P = 1.0^a

P = 0.005^a

M4, 69 yrs, I (n = 15)

r_s = 0.47

r_s = -0.17

r_s = -0.63

r_s = 0.83

r_s = 0.21

r_s = -0.20

23.1 ± 1.9

P = 0.08

P = 0.5

P = 0.01

P = 0.0001

P = 0.5

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.2^a

nr^a

P = 0.01^a

P = 0.2^a

nr^a

M5, 77 yrs, M (n = 26)

r_s = 0.28

r_s = -0.30

r_s = -0.59

r_s = 0.93

r_s = 0.46

r_s = -0.57

30.3 ± 2.7

P = 0.2

P = 0.1

P = 0.002

P < 0.0001

P = 0.02

P = 0.003

P = 0.022^b

nr^a

P = 0.03^a

P = 0.1^a

P = 0.09^a

M6, 77 yrs, I (n = 30)

r_s = 0.78

r_s = -0.41

r_s = -0.61

r_s = 0.94

r_s = 0.84

r_s = -0.67

26.3 ± 2.0

P < 0.0001

P = 0.02

P = 0.0004

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001^b

P = 1.0^a

P = 0.005^a

P < 0.001^a

P = 0.05^a

P = 0.2^a

P = 0.03^a

M7, 61 yrs, I (n = 11)

r_s = 0.77

r_s = -0.16

r_s = -0.58

r_s = 0.43

r_s = 0.82

r_s = -0.92

24.2 ± 3.0

P = 0.04

P = 0.02

P = 0.2

P = 0.3

P = 0.02

P = 0.004

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.01^a

P = 0.3^a

P = 0.05^a

nr^a

P = 0.005^a

P = 0.001^a

M8^c, 73 yrs, M (n = 24)

r_s = 0.38

r_s = 0.28

r_s = 0.24

r_s = 0.90

r_s = 0.47

r_s = 0.04

24.5 ± 1.7

P = 0.07

P = 0.2

P = 0.005

P = 0.03

P = 0.8

P < 0.0001^b

nr^a

P = 0.4^a

P = 0.1^a

nr^a

M9, 63 yrs, I (n = 13)

r_s = 0.53

r_s = -0.36

r_s = -0.66

r_s = 0.68

r_s = 0.69

r_s = -0.62

21.6 ± 1.0

P = 0.06

P = 0.2

P = 0.01

P < 0.0001

P = 0.009

P = 0.003

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.1^a

nr^a

P = 0.01^a

P = 0.03^a

P = 0.1^a

M10, 63 yrs, M (n = 30)

r_s = 0.51

r_s = -0.68

r_s = -0.39

r_s = 0.93

r_s = 0.49

r_s = -0.79

27.4 ± 1.8

P = 0.004

P = 0.0001

P = 0.03

P < 0.0001

P = 0.008

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.04^a

P = 0.02^a

P = 0.04^a

P = 0.1^a

P = 0.06^a

P = 0.001^a

M11, 63 yrs, I (n = 15)

r_s = 0.59

r_s = -0.38

r_s = -0.85

r_s = 0.68

r_s = 0.88

r_s = -0.83

31.2 ± 1.7

P = 0.02

P = 0.2

P = 0.0001

P = 0.005

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0001

P = 0.3^b

P = 0.06^a

P = 0.05^a

P = 0.01^a

P = 0.02^a

P = 0.03^a

P = 0.002^a

**Table 3.** Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Women With *HFE*-C282Y/C282Y Hemochromatosis
Women C282Y/C282Y	Iron vs. ferritin	Iron vs. transferrin	Ferritin vs. transferrin	Iron vs. TSAT	Ferritin vs. TSAT	Transferrin vs. TSAT	Transferrin, µmol/L
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison with corresponding r_s for the all-women control group (Table 1) (I = induction treatment; M = maintenance treatment; nr = not relevant). ^bComparison with corresponding transferrin values for the all-women control group (Table 1). ^cF6 and F8 differ by showing positive correlations between iron and/or ferritin vs. transferrin. TSAT: transferrin saturation; yrs: years; n: number of consecutive blood samples.
F1, 53 yrs, I + M (n = 38)	r_s = 0.47	r_s = -0.35	r_s = -0.64	r_s = 0.93	r_s = 0.63	r_s = -0.59	22.7 ± 1.5
	P = 0.0003	P = 0.032	P < 0.0001	P <0.0001	P < 0.0001	P = 0.0001	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.004^a	P = 0.014^a	P = 0.001^a	P = 0.3^a	P = 1.0^a	P = 0.1^a
F2, 53 yrs, M (n = 13)	r_s = 0.85	r_s = -0.15	r_s = -0.31	r_s = 0.92	r_s = 0.86	r_s = -0.37	23.1 ± 1.5
	P = 0.0002	P = 0.6	P = 0.3	P < 0.0001	P = 0.0002	P = 0.2	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.001^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.4^a	P = 0.01^a	nr^a
F3, 34 yrs, M (n = 10)	r_s = 0.09	r_s = 0.39	r_s = -0.37	r_s = 0.92	r_s = 0.06	r_s = -0.37	25.7 ± 1.8
	P = 0.8	P = 0.3	P = 0.3	P = 0.0002	P = 0.9	P = 0.3	P = 0.0005^b
	nr^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.4^a	nr^a	nr^a
F4, 34 yrs, M (n = 10)	r_s = 0.22	r_s = -0.09	r_s = -0.13	r_s = 0.97	r_s = 0.19	r_s = -0.31	19.8 ± 0.4
	P = 0.5	P = 0.8	P = 0.7	P < 0.0001	P = 0.6	P = 0.4	P < 0.0001^b
	nr^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.07^a	nr^a	nr^a
F5, 59 yrs, I (n = 30)	r_s = 0.36	r_s = -0.21	r_s = -0.75	r_s = 0.89	r_s = 0.61	r_s = -0.51	23.8 ± 2.6
	P = 0.05	P = 0.3	P < 0.0001	P < 0.0001	P = 0.0003	P = 0.004	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.0	nr	P = 0.001^a	P = 0.3^a	P = 0.002^a	P = 0.3^a
F6^c, 48 yrs, M (n = 15)	r_s = 0.83	r_s = 0.06	r_s = 0.29	r_s = 0.77	r_s = 0.76	r_s = -0.11	25.3 ± 1.1
	P = 0.0001	P = 0.6	P = 0.4	P = 0.0009	P = 0.0001	P = 0.7	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.001^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.04^a	P = 0.002^a	nr^a
F7, 70 yrs, I (n = 12)	r_s = 0.52	r_s = -0.01	r_s = -0.31	r_s = 0.94	r_s = 0.56	r_s = -0.31	28.7 ± 1.5
	P = 0.08	P = 0.9	P = 0.3	P < 0.0001	P = 0.06	P = 0.3	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.001^a	nr^a	nr^a	P = 0.3^a	P = 0.07^a	nr^a
F8^c, 63 yrs, M (n = 30)	r_s = 0.40	r_s = 0.13	r_s = 0.43	r_s = 0.85	r_s = 0.18	r_s = -0.33	23.9 ± 1.6
	P = 0.03	P = 0.5	P = 0.02	P < 0.0001	P = 0.3	P = 0.08	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.06^a	nr^a	P = 0.0001^a	P = 0.09^a	P = 0.4^a	P = 0.9^a
F9, 54 yrs, M (n = 29)	r_s = 0.34	r_s = -0.20	r_s = 0.49	r_s = 0.85	r_s = 0.18	r_s = -0.48	23.2 ± 1.2
	P = 0.07	P = 0.3	P = 0.008	P < 0.0001	P = 0.04	P = 0.009	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.008^a	nr^a	P = 0.004	P = 0.09^a	P = 0.4^a	P = 0.4^a
F10, 77 yrs, M (n = 30)	r_s = 0.42	r_s = -0.42	r_s = -0.10	r_s = 0.87	r_s = 0.36	r_s = -0.57	26.6 ± 2.1
	P = 0.02	P = 0.02	P = 0.6	P < 0.0001	P = 0.05	P = 0.0009	P < 0.0001^b
	P = 0.008^a	P = 0.08	nr^a	P = 0.2^a	P = 0.1^a	P = 0.2^a

Table 3. Correlations Between Serum Iron Status Markers in Women With HFE-C282Y/C282Y Hemochromatosis

Women C282Y/C282Y

Iron vs. ferritin

Iron vs. transferrin

Ferritin vs. transferrin

Iron vs. TSAT

Ferritin vs. TSAT

Transferrin vs. TSAT

Transferrin, µmol/L

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r_s) was used. Serum transferrin values are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. ^aComparison with corresponding r_s for the all-women control group (Table 1) (I = induction treatment; M = maintenance treatment; nr = not relevant). ^bComparison with corresponding transferrin values for the all-women control group (Table 1). ^cF6 and F8 differ by showing positive correlations between iron and/or ferritin vs. transferrin. TSAT: transferrin saturation; yrs: years; n: number of consecutive blood samples.

F1, 53 yrs, I + M (n = 38)

r_s = 0.47

r_s = -0.35

r_s = -0.64

r_s = 0.93

r_s = 0.63

r_s = -0.59

22.7 ± 1.5

P = 0.0003

P = 0.032

P < 0.0001

P <0.0001

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0001

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.004^a

P = 0.014^a

P = 0.001^a

P = 0.3^a

P = 1.0^a

P = 0.1^a

F2, 53 yrs, M (n = 13)

r_s = 0.85

r_s = -0.15

r_s = -0.31

r_s = 0.92

r_s = 0.86

r_s = -0.37

23.1 ± 1.5

P = 0.0002

P = 0.6

P = 0.3

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0002

P = 0.2

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.001^a

nr^a

P = 0.4^a

P = 0.01^a

nr^a

F3, 34 yrs, M (n = 10)

r_s = 0.09

r_s = 0.39

r_s = -0.37

r_s = 0.92

r_s = 0.06

r_s = -0.37

25.7 ± 1.8

P = 0.8

P = 0.3

P = 0.0002

P = 0.9

P = 0.3

P = 0.0005^b

nr^a

P = 0.4^a

nr^a

F4, 34 yrs, M (n = 10)

r_s = 0.22

r_s = -0.09

r_s = -0.13

r_s = 0.97

r_s = 0.19

r_s = -0.31

19.8 ± 0.4

P = 0.5

P = 0.8

P = 0.7

P < 0.0001

P = 0.6

P = 0.4

P < 0.0001^b

nr^a

P = 0.07^a

nr^a

F5, 59 yrs, I (n = 30)

r_s = 0.36

r_s = -0.21

r_s = -0.75

r_s = 0.89

r_s = 0.61

r_s = -0.51

23.8 ± 2.6

P = 0.05

P = 0.3

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0003

P = 0.004

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.0

P = 0.001^a

P = 0.3^a

P = 0.002^a

P = 0.3^a

F6^c, 48 yrs, M (n = 15)

r_s = 0.83

r_s = 0.06

r_s = 0.29

r_s = 0.77

r_s = 0.76

r_s = -0.11

25.3 ± 1.1

P = 0.0001

P = 0.6

P = 0.4

P = 0.0009

P = 0.0001

P = 0.7

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.001^a

nr^a

P = 0.04^a

P = 0.002^a

nr^a

F7, 70 yrs, I (n = 12)

r_s = 0.52

r_s = -0.01

r_s = -0.31

r_s = 0.94

r_s = 0.56

r_s = -0.31

28.7 ± 1.5

P = 0.08

P = 0.9

P = 0.3

P < 0.0001

P = 0.06

P = 0.3

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.001^a

nr^a

P = 0.3^a

P = 0.07^a

nr^a

F8^c, 63 yrs, M (n = 30)

r_s = 0.40

r_s = 0.13

r_s = 0.43

r_s = 0.85

r_s = 0.18

r_s = -0.33

23.9 ± 1.6

P = 0.03

P = 0.5

P = 0.02

P < 0.0001

P = 0.3

P = 0.08

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.06^a

nr^a

P = 0.0001^a

P = 0.09^a

P = 0.4^a

P = 0.9^a

F9, 54 yrs, M (n = 29)

r_s = 0.34

r_s = -0.20

r_s = 0.49

r_s = 0.85

r_s = 0.18

r_s = -0.48

23.2 ± 1.2

P = 0.07

P = 0.3

P = 0.008

P < 0.0001

P = 0.04

P = 0.009

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.008^a

nr^a

P = 0.004

P = 0.09^a

P = 0.4^a

F10, 77 yrs, M (n = 30)

r_s = 0.42

r_s = -0.42

r_s = -0.10

r_s = 0.87

r_s = 0.36

r_s = -0.57

26.6 ± 2.1

P = 0.02

P = 0.6

P < 0.0001

P = 0.05

P = 0.0009

P < 0.0001^b

P = 0.008^a

P = 0.08

nr^a

P = 0.2^a

P = 0.1^a

P = 0.2^a