Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
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Original Article

Volume 19, Number 3, June 2026, pages 127-135

Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Related Mortality Trends Associated With Infective Versus Non-Infective Etiologies in ≥ 35 Years Age Group

Figures

↓  Figure 1. HCC-related mortality trends, 1999–2020, stratified by etiologies: (a) male; (b) female. *Statistically significant (P < 0.05). #Could not able to analyze due to zero AAMR at some point of time. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 1.
↓  Figure 2. State-wise representation of HCC-related AAMR, 1999–2020: (a) non-infectious vs. (b) infectious. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 2.
↓  Figure 3. HCC-related AAMR stratified by urbanization. AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 3.
↓  Figure 4. Crude death rates for HCC-related mortality stratified by age group (35+). HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 4.

Table

↓  Table 1. HCC-Related Mortality Stratified by Common Etiologies
 
Non-infectiousMAFLDALDInfectiousHepatitis CHepatitis B
AAMR: age-adjusted mortality rate; ALD: alcohol-associated liver disease; ER: emergency room; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MAFLD: metabolic dysfunction–associated liver disease.
Race (AAMR)
  American Indian2.81.50.61.41.30.1
  Asian2.71.50.12.61.11.5
  African American2.21.30.32.11.90.3
  White1.50.90.20.90.80.1
Hispanic origin (AAMR)
  Hispanic3.11.90.61.51.50.1
  Not Hispanic1.50.90.210.90.2
Place of death (death counts)
  Medical Facility - Inpatient26,81615,1783,00915,10012,9272,485
  Medical Facility - Outpatient/ER1,288798179928785149
  Decedent’s home23,38515,0113,66915,73414,0751,854
  Hospice facility5,6623,3761,3214,8254,460457
  Nursing home/long-term care5,0263,0208173,2272,928365